Executive Summary Essay -- Economics

Official Summary - - The 2000 were a time of colossal development, Australian is a prosperous country has profited by 9 years of continuous monetary development. In any case, the universal vacationer industry was experience the ill effects of the fear based oppressor assaults on the World Trade Center and Pentagon in the USA on 11 September 2001. Generally, the Australian universal visitor industry keeps on being solid as a result of the board blend of common condition and cosmopolitan urban areas situated here, including cutting edge, stable worldwide political circumstance and financial flourishing. So as to expand Australian universal vacationer industry, Sport also, Tourism of Australia’s Department of Industry, Science and Assets must build up a key intend to arrive at progressively potential guests. With Australia remarkable normal assets, its intrigue to additional Asian explorers come to Australia. Over the previous decade, most guests originated from the UK, Europe and North America. Presently, Australia must start a few systems to pull in more explorers from Asia nations. This will give Australia the best chance to extend its travel industry. Presentation In spite of the fact that Australia has been blasting, the world economy has been in downturn for quite a while. Without a doubt, Australian the travel industry is gradually declining has been far not exactly initially anticipated. Despite the fact that the Australian government endeavors to continue development in the economy without harming the common habitat, yet these improvement don't appear to be arriving at the voyagers its need to impact. Subsequently, I am requested to sum up the marco natural issues influencing Australian The travel industry and propose extra systems that the Sport and Tourism of Australia’s Department of Industry, Sc... ...ung singles, offer a lower cost during top season by viability of adverting efforts and advancement in producing progressively Asian, including: Â · Australia and Singapore have set up a Joint Tourism Council that will mean to expand worldwide appearances to both Australia and Singapore from key markets through a co-employable organization between the Australian Tourist Commission and the Singapore Tourism Board. Â · Most key administrators selling Australia have created sites giving item data, exceptional arrangements, travel clubs and pamphlets and online enquiry reaction components. Â · There are 10 significant wholesalers/retail specialists selling Australian bunch visit bundles, with broad branch office system of deals point area. These specialists are connected with the three significant bearers: Qantas, Cathy Pacific and Singapore Airlines.

The Young Offenders Act Debate :: Free Essay Writer

Enduring an onslaught from the date of its creation, the discussion over the legitimacy of the Young Offender’s Act proceeds. Should the YOA stay in its present structure as a piece of the Canadian legitimate framework? An assessment of the reasons it is viewed as being inadequate, the requirement for change, and the recommended corrections and substitutes will give a precise image of the circumstance from which an end can be drawn. The youthful wrongdoers act in its present structure is almost ideal. Nonetheless, there enough explanations behind its adjustment that a genuine thought of changes ought to be thought of. There are various reasons why the YOA has been viewed as insufficient. There is, in the general population, a far reaching discernment that the YOA isn't working in any way. This is because of the enormous measure of falsehood that is sensationalized heartlessly by the media (Good 1998 7). Prominent instances of rough guilty parties release, and, lacking subtleties, the media presents a fragmented record of subtleties to people in general. Accordingly a few people imagine that there are kids who know how to â€Å"beat the system† and are currently out perpetrating violations with no dread of being genuinely denounced. In any case, as one expert and analyst reports â€Å"There are practically no information †¦ that would allow an assessment of this assumption† (Peterson-Badali and Koegl 1998 p127). Since once of the elements of the demonstration is to secure people in general, their feelings of trepidation are one an issue that should be tended to in any corrections that may go ahead. There is, in any case, banter over the requirement for change. Some state the present demonstration is excessively simple on young people and that they’re pulling off something over the top. There are reasons circumstances, for example, these misjudged ones, have come to fruition. The YOA was structured remembering youth assurance, and specialists in the territory will in general allude to the way that â€Å"†¦repeated examines have demonstrated that it isn't the seriousness of discipline which discourages wrongdoing, yet the conviction of it† (Daunt 1998 7). In this manner it isn't astonishing that a great many great children have been helped, and not blocked, by the present enactment on their way to a gainful life (Good 1998 171). Too, the current YOA has genuine ramifications for rough guilty parties, huge numbers of them winding up in grown-up court (Daunt 1998 7). One may likewise start to see somewhat of a pattern: The presentation of the YOA in 1984 was to m itigate the publics impression of a frail Juvenile Delinquents Act and guaranteed expanded punishments for youth guilty parties (Daunt 1998 7).

One Last Look Back

One Last Look Back With a little less than an hour to go to 2020, Im feeling some kind of way. Im back home, surrounded by the interminable expanse of flat land that is Texas. Ive been catching up on some much needed REM and have been savoring all the delicious home-cooked meals. Most importantly, Ive been able to fall back into the routine of life at home. In between all of this, its begun to hit me that I am now officially more semesters into MIT than I have left. Dont get me wrong, its definitely exciting.   But mainly, it just makes me feel kinda old and a tad bit anxious about what the future is going to hold. Consider it the junior-year crisis, when the future (the one where you have to be a responsible adult and contributing member of society) dauntingly feels at hands reach. The unknowns are many and answers are few. Things are changing at a rapid pace and I dont quite know how to cope. Its at times like these, that I like to remind myself that no plot line makes sense when youre standing at the very beginning of it. Looking back, however, everything thats already happens starts to make sense. And even if it doesnt, you find some happy memories to smile about and some not so-happy ones to be proud to have gotten through. So heres what this past year has looked like in a snapshot: 1) Started the year off in India, surrounded by family. 2) Did my very first study-abroad in South Africa, where I got to meet some of the kindest of people on this planet, learned a lot about the HIV epidemic and went on my first real safari. 3) Spent A LOT of time in lab 4) Organized a House Government retreat to Cape Cod 5) Had my first friend from back home visit, and showed her around Bahston. 6) Enjoyed the sun in Kresge Oval 7) Built a whole microfluidic gut-on-a-chip device (and it actually worked!?!) 8) Went to many Bob Ross paint nights in the stud 9) Spontaneously took a trip to Revere Beach one fine weekend 10) Went into Boston during Marathon weekend and saw the finish line! 11) Cleaned up nicely to get my Brass Rat 12) Unknowingly ended up in a private Sting concert? 13) Took my first D-lab class and built a flashlight that turns into a lock for refugee camp latrines 14) Did a lot of organic chemistry 15) Built a functioning battery made up of nanomaterial produced by a virus? 16) Saw the sunrise across the Atlantic Ocean 17) Watch the sunset on a boat in Boston Harbor 18) Retook a class I dropped and THRIVED 19) Lost my dear friend and sister Aliza A. 20 to a drunk driver 20) Helped put together a scholarship fund in Alizas honor 21) Got 20+ internship rejection emails 22) Spent a dream summer interning in the Bay Area 23) Took many walks past this view: 24) Took the OG tunnel view photograph at Yosemite National Park 25) Went zip-lining for the first time 26) Witnessed my old PI and bioengineering idol, Robert Langer, get the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Prize 27) Survived yet another career fair with zero job offers. 28) Went apple picking for the first time, had my very first bottle of apple cider and tried my first apple cider donut (does that mean Im officially initiated as a New Englander now?) 29) Went to Salem, MA on Halloween Weekend (what a time) 30) Carved my first pumpkin (how have I gone so long without carving a pumpkin? I dont know either.) 31) Competed in and completed my very first Hackathon? 32) Studied in so so many different cafes around Boston and Cambridge 33) Started writing poetry with a group of friends and its been a life changer. 34) Pulled a near all-nighter but finished and turned in the hardest final project (20.320) Ive had to do thus far at MIT. 35) Drank lots of Boba (im scared to check my bank statements) 36) Ate a lot of good food. Looking back at my list that somehow turned out longer than I expected, Im realizing that a lot of it is good stuff thats happened to me. By no means has this year been an easy one, but most of my list was inspired by a scroll through my camera roll. And well, you only take photos of the good times (or atleast I do). But one thing is clear, its been a blessed year. And the fact that Im here writing this blog post is enough evidence that Ive survived through 100% of my greatest of days and a 100% of the worst of them. And that gives me a lot of hope for whatever is to come after. It may not makes sense to me now, but Im hoping future-me is going to have one heck of a story to tell. If you havent already spent some time looking back at everything youve gotten through in the past year, I highly recommend that you do! And if you feel up for it, share some of your highlights (good or bad) below! Post Tagged #New Years

New York State Housing Finance Agency Essay - 1046 Words

Background The New York State Housing Finance Agency (HFA) was formed in 1960, to assist low- and moderate-income family unit charter expansion (â€Å"New York State Housing Finance Agency†, 2012). In this logic its solemn assignment consists of preserving and conserving â€Å"high quality† low-priced rental housing for the population athwart the State of New York. Additionally, HFA provides financing to not-for-profit, and for-profit to construct economical letting houses, including NYCHA, and Mitchell Lama developments (â€Å"New York State Housing Finance Agency†, 2012). Since its creation, the HFA has commenced a low and moderate-income public housing with 328 developments throughout New York State (â€Å"NYS Housing Finance Agency†, 2012). These new constructed houses have improved numerous residents throughout the state as a whole. Over recent years the HFA developments have been experiencing a lessening in New York State government funding, propelling the orga nization to rehash distinctive strategies addressing the multifamily financing and the low rent opportunities program. Introduction This analysis works on the current quality management system of New York State Housing Finance Agency, and determine ways to improve HFA’s quality management system. Opportunities HFA as a state agency organization is failing because of a deficiency of awareness and management of its programs. The quality and reliability HFA offers to state dwellers is ghastly. As a government funded organization, HFAShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The Experience Of Emergency Management And Collaboration That Took Place During Hurricane Sandy909 Words   |  4 PagesHurricane Sandy. Introduction Hurricane Sandy pushed across New York coast and left a devastating trail behind. There devastation was so great that it caused federal, local, and regional levels to develop plans and strategies for future crisis. An emergency situation on a magnitude as Hurricane Sandy created a collaboration of many emergency services. FEMA, Red Cross, Department of Transportation, and many local agencies were involved with managing the chaos caused by the storm. CollaborationRead MoreEssay on Foreclosure Crisis In America1084 Words   |  5 PagesIt is evident that the housing deficit is just a layer of the many problems we are suffering from during the hard times in our economy. Foreclosure is indeed a horrific word that is haunting homeowners across the US. Because of the situation in the current economy, millions of Americans have been plagued by foreclosing on their homes and are left to find new location for themselves and their families to live. 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Michael Rubens Bloomberg, co-founder of Bloomberg L.P, a financial software, data and media empire, served as the 108th Mayor of New York City, holding office for three consecutive terms from 2002 to 2013. Bill de Blasio is the 109th and current Mayor of New York City. From 2010 to 2013, he held the citywide office of New York City Public Advocate, which servesRead MoreU.s. National Bureau Of Economic Research1235 Words   |  5 PagesResearch (NBER) the struggle didn’t end in the United States until June 2009, and therefore had a duration of about 18 months. This global crisis â€Å"ranks fourth in terms of the weighted sum of countries suffering it† (NBER). Consumers, who had been the engine of the economy for the past several decades, suffered the loss of their jobs. Between 2008 and 2009, â€Å"the U.S. la bor market lost 8.4 million jobs, or 6.1% of all payroll employment† (State of Working America). This resulted in â€Å"the most severRead MoreThe Client, A Hispanic Male, Age 69 Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pageshis hands as a result of brain surgery. The client lives in a rented room in Inwood Heights. Initially, the client s presenting problem included finding adequate housing however, after completing the intake form I became aware that the client was over income for most housing assistance programs. The reason why the client is seeking housing assistance is because according to the the client â€Å"he lives with two other men in a single bedroom apartment†. Furthermore, the client informed me that his roommatesRead MoreHomeless People Are Dependent On Their Resident City s Shelter System1210 Words   |  5 Pageshomeless people live in the United States; about a third of this population doesn’t have access to shelter. This third of the populace suffer the mo st when areas across the nation– even the warmer areas in California and Florida– experience wind chills and temperature drops. According to Rebecca Sturgis and Neil Denovan of the National Coalition for the Homeless, 700 people at risk or are experiencing homelessness are killed by hypothermia in the United States, despite the fact that the ailment can

Analysis Of Dale Carnegie s Book On Win Friends And...

What can a man use to gain friends and influence people? Dale Carnegie, in his book How to Win Friends and Influence People, outlines in four parts and within each part many chapters on exactly what one would do to gain friends and influence others into your own way of thinking. The book seemed dull but, on the contrary, farther along through the book the reader gets they will see the importance. The book in of itself is very convicting not a section of that book stands without notes and most saying â€Å"I need to work on this† or something of this affect. Overall dale Carnegie’s book outlines the most difficult aspects of one’s relationships then explains what steps should be taken to mend or create relationships. Carnage also demonstrates†¦show more content†¦Lincoln, in the white house, turned on Mrs. Grant like a tigress and shouted, â€Å"How dare you be seated in my presence until I invite you!† (Carnegie, 1936, pg.22) What happened to them ? History’s best known heroes and stars who were most liked where even unkind and selfish. They, more than likely, after their conflicts, pleaded for forgiveness. Which is easier? Being rude and asking for forgiveness, or doing your best to be kind. Dale, as stated above, explains various ways of persuading people. I see is form of influencing people as manipulation, he uses an example of William Lyon Phelps, a professor of literature at Yale, explaining his time at his aunts home when a man came over and, knowing Phelps enjoyed boats began a discussion with him about such topic. The man left and Phelps thoroughly enjoyed him, his aunt then informed that he was but a New York Lawyer and had no interest in boats, his question then â€Å"Why then did he talk all the time about boats† (Carnegie, 1936, pg.100) she then replied, Because he is a gentleman. He saw you were interested in boats, surrounded by police officers. Dale goes on to say, â€Å"Crowley didn’t blame himself for anything.†(Carnegie, 1936, pg.4) Al Capone, the most and he talked about the things he knew would interest and please you. He made himself agreeable.† (Carnegie, 1936, pg.100) Roosevelt once said, â€Å"the royal road to aShow Mo reRelatedAnalysis Of Dale Carnegie s Book How On Win Friends And Influence People 2534 Words   |  11 PagesDale Carnegie’s book, How to Win Friends and Influence People, discusses 30 principles that are essential to the life of an individual and how they can contribute to their career success. These principles, if applied with good effort, can be useful to one’s daily life in business. The first standard Carnegie discusses is to not criticize, condemn, or complain (80). In my life, I have seen this principle in action through the way people treat and interact with others. It is important to not be criticalRead MoreA Town s Parks And Recreation Department985 Words   |  4 PagesA town’s parks and recreation department is important to get people involved and also draw home shoppers to the area. Jay Guelfi is the Director for Parks and Recreation in the Town of Hopkinton, Massachusetts. There are two different parts, parks and recreation. The parks side of op erations involves maintaining different public properties throughout the town including athletic league fields, the pond, the beach, as well as the town common. The recreation side of operations involves organizing andRead More Motivation Theory: Ensuring Success of the Workplace Essay4958 Words   |  20 Pagesand death. As society has progressed, we have seen great technological advances such as television, computers, cars, and space travel. Despite such advancements, the basic needs of mankind still remain the same. 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Power-oriented behavior has an impact on managerial career progressRead MoreCoercion by Douglas Rushkoff7762 Words   |  32 PagesIntroduction: They Say The first part of the book introduces the idea of they, the people who seek to influence our lives in some form or fashion, and it poses questions about our collective cultural behaviors that have become an everyday event. The author introduces himself to us the readers. He also expresses his reason for writing the book by pointing to the backfire effect his previous books. Because he was a media/advertisement consultant, he acts as a double agent writing down and reportingRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words   |  72 Pagesabout 1929. Taylor is the focal point, but we will see his followers as well as developments in personnel management and the behavioral sciences. Henri Fayol and Max Weber will be discussed, although their main influence came later, and we will conclude with an overview of the influence of scientific management in its environment. Chapter 7 The Advent of Scientific Management Frederick W. Taylor is one of the more widely recognized names in the management literature. Far more rare,Read MoreInterpersonal Communication8395 Words   |  34 Pagesrelations communication. Interpersonal communication is, in fact, the foundation of all human relationships. While all communication is interpersonal because it takes place between people, the term interpersonal communication usually refers to communication that takes place in face-to-face situations involving two or three people. Listening, speaking, and sending and interpreting nonverbal messages are necessary skills to communicate effectively. In addition to being able to listen, speak and interpretRead MoreReed Supermarket Case32354 Words   |  130 Pagespublisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any afï ¬ liation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. Pearson Education is not responsible for the content of third party internet sites. ISBN 978-0-273-72622-7 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hollensen, Svend. Global marketing : a decision-orientedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations

Speech Writing Reviews & Guide

Speech Writing Reviews & Guide Making speeches might be harrowing ordeal particularly if you aren't utilized to being in front of crowds. Empathy is something however which can be taught. What You Can Do About Speech Writing Starting in the Next 6 Minutes Repetition can be a really effective tool, but it may also be very dull and impede the progression of your argument. If you produce an attempt to eliminate the speech disturbance, you can certainly succeed. Specifically, the grammatical correctness and the sentence transitions of the majority of speeches were rather good, he states. If you would like to earn a funny best man speech, think about poking some sort fun at the groom. One of the very first things you want to remember you'll be at a wedding. Family members and friends are an excellent source. Great jokes in accordance with the wedding will go quite a distance to keep people laughing. You may try tricks by way of example reading a book audibly or talking consistently to a friend who's acquainted with your disturbance. The perfect way to structure a very best man speech is to seek out a connection between a story about your pal and your support for the couple. There aren't any rules that are written in stone in regards to seating your guests. Using repetitions will enforce a notion in their mind in case they missed it the very first moment. What Is So Fascinating About Speech Writing? When creating a speech, you will most likely find out that it isn't an effortless process as lots of people think. Most people today give up before they even begin since they think that they know nothing about ways to compose a speech. Most men and women take that approach. however, it's rather difficult to create a great speech that way since it's too linear. You're able to employ your grief to channel emotions during your speech however, you can also make a much lighter and funny tone. After selecting a theme, you've got to regard the tone of your speech. An ill-judged tone of voice will set you on the incorrect foot. Of the exam in regard to the toefl strategies for the internet based toefl writing twe is known as the toefl ibt that there's the question. There are a couple topics to omit from your very best man speech. The first thing you will need to see when you're sitting down to compose a political speech is that the speech should have a point. The simple best man speech needs to be quirky for the organization. Soon you're going to be giving that killer speech and you'll have that expert edge you demand. Another very good angle is to speak about the manner that the bride and groom balance one another. A handle on what makes an excellent speech might be your best asset. The most important content of the speech ought to be informative and entertaining. You will be able to undertake maximum five minutes for the ideal man speech. You will organize your speech somewhat like a story meaning that you require a start, middle and an end. Typically, the ideal man speech has a bit of humor in it and it earns the environment light. The short best man speech is around the bride in addition, the groom.

Quality of a Marketing Research Project

Question: Discuss, using examples where relevant, how you would ensure the quality of a marketing research project. Answer: Marketing research is a process or set of processes that links the customers and producers to the marketer through information. Such information helps in identifying and defining marketing opportunities. It is an effort to gather information about customers or target markets. Market research is a very important component of business strategy. Quality in the marketing research process is ambiguous. It is not a step, but a process. While measuring quality, one is actually measuring the quality of customers experience. It can happen and must be ensured at every stage of the research process (Savin-Baden and Major 2012). Data collection is a significant part of the marketing research. The marketing decisions are made depending on the analysis of the data collected from a research project. For making appropriate decisions, quality of the data acts as a critical element for the data collected. Data collection must be high in quality and relevant (Birley and Moreland 2014). Quality can also be referred as the degree to which the data represents actual scenario. High quality data is reliable, valid and also represents faithfulness. In certain instances, researchers try obtaining data from various sources to ensure the validity and reliability of data collected. The two characteristics determining the quality of data are- reliability and validity (Csikszentmihalyi and Larson 2014). It is necessary to devise research questions as a poor structure may affect the choice of study design. It is imperative to formulate a proper research question that would be relevant and answerable. Hypothesis can also be developed from the research question and it drives data collection for the study. The quality of data collection can be made better if the research question and hypothesis for the project is appropriate. The relevance of data can be ensured with appropriate sampling strategy, intervention and outcome variables (Zikmund 2014). A few other factors such as availability and affordability form a part of the data collection. Data must be collected quickly so that the research process is affordable and can be completed on time. If data cannot be obtained in a timely fashion, the marketing research must not be conducted (Bell 2014). The researchers can collect both primary and secondary data. Primary data is newly obtained data for a specific project. Secondary data is already collected for purposes other than problem at hand. The researcher needs to decide if the primary data collection or secondary data collection method would be appropriate for the situation. The researcher can also use both data collection methods (Palinkas et al. 2013). There are different ways to ensure that the data collected from primary and secondary sources are high in quality. For primary data, the researcher must follow similar researches conducted in the past, imagine possible answers and craft an analytical response. The different ideas and values must be crafted from frame of reference. The data collected must be compared and contrasted with the similar data from other source in the same time period. The reliability must be measured (Taylor and Bogdan 2013). For example, Mr. X works for an advertising agency that is hired by ABC Medicine, the manufacturers of a drug product. If the product is consumed once in a day, it shall prevent the consumers from getting cancer. The ad agency wants to check the reliability and validity for the claim made by ABC that would not be problematic in the market. Mr. X found a published article regarding the product and considers that the drug is worth advertising. However, Mr. X shall be concerned regarding reliability and validity of the information (Silverman 2016). Validity refers to the truthfulness of the information. The truthfulness of the source must be assessed with respect to the information presented. In the given example, Mr. X believes that the article read by him regarding cancer-free pills would suit the description. The study was conducted, supported and observed by 400 patients. The article was credible and peer-reviewed. It is important to follow peer-reviewed article as it ensures that it has been reviewed by other experts in the field. Therefore, Mr. X can jump at the conclusion of calling the data valid. Secondly, reliability refers to the level of trust or belief in the information. Mr. X can be asked to support the medical and marketing claims for the prescribed drug. Mr. X shall check how the information was obtained by the author. Certain criteria such as biasness, expertise and personal gains must be assessed. If the information was published in a blog, it should be eliminated as it does not ensure the expertise of inform ation-provider. The date must be checked by the researcher and current articles should be considered as reliable. The information source must be assessed if it is questionable, unsupported or not well-researched. The works cited must also be reviewed to check the quality of references (Taylor and Bogdan 2013). The publication source must also be checked if it is a university press, government agency and purpose of the publication. The primary and secondary sources of data must be assessed to ensure high quality. The researcher shall evaluate the purpose or intention of authors research paper. The language shall be free of emotion-rousing words or biased. The authors point of view in the secondary sources must be impartial and fulfil the objectives of the research. A high-quality research paper must be easy to read and the content must not be repetitive (Silverman 2016). Conclusively, not all information is created with a standard quality. Just because the information is found in the library does not mean that it would be accurate to conduct an appropriate marketing research. It is necessary to critically evaluate necessary information in an academic setting. The researcher must evaluate every item to determine the credibility and quality for supporting the best research. The presentation allow the researchers to interact with clients, also it provides useful feedback of the overall performance of the project. A formal report which contains detailed information about our research project. References Bell, J., 2014.Doing your research project. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Open University Press. Birley, G. and Moreland, N., 2014.A practical guide to academic research. London: Kogan Page. CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. and LARSON, R., 2014. Validity and Reliability of the Experience-Sampling Method.The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175(9), pp.526-536. Palinkas, L., Horwitz, S., Green, C., Wisdom, J., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2013. Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp.533-544. Savin-Baden, M. and Major, C., 2012.Qualitative research. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Silverman, D., 2016.Doing qualitative research. London: Sage Publications. Taylor, S. and Bogdan, R., 2013.Introduction to qualitative research methods. New York: Wiley. Zikmund, W., 2014.Business research methods. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western.

Letter of Recommendation free essay sample

In addition to academics, he has shown keen interest in co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. He was always actively involved in organizing various events in the college tech fests reflecting his managerial qualities and leadership skills. Unaired is very enthusiastic, energetic and full of life. He is fun loving cheerful and trustworthy. Unaired has an intelligent mind and a strong will to do meticulous work, all of which are required to pursue higher studies. His flair for solving problems clearly portrays his keen sense of analysis.He always had a penchant for experiments. My analysis of him tells me that his basic engineering concepts were thorough and his interpretations of the experiments performed were always precise. In retrospection of what I have seen in Unaired, I am positive that he possesses potential for higher education and his academic credentials promise a brilliant future. I strongly recommend him for M. S. Letter of Recommendation free essay sample Letter of Recommendation To the applicant: Please fill in your name and the other required information below. In turn, deliver or email this form to the person who will write this letter. NOTE: Request your recommender to seal his or her letter of recommendation in an official envelope and sign across the back flap upon completion. Recommendation letters that are not sealed and signed will not be accepted. Confidential Name of Applicant: (given name) Shajeel(family name) Rasool Nationality: Pakistani Desired Degree Program Doctoral Desired Major: Electrical Engineering To the recommender: The person named above has applied for the ‘Korean Government Scholarship Program’. We ask for your assistance, and would appreciate your frank and candid appraisal of the applicant. * Please type or print clearly using black ink. 1. How long have you known the applicant and in what relationship? Please assess the applicants qualities in the evaluation table given below. Rate the applicant compared to other classmates who are/were in the same school year with him/her. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter of Recommendation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How well do you think the applicant has thought out plans for graduate study? 5. Please comment on the applicant’s performance record, potential, or personal qualities which you believe would be helpful in considering the applicant’s application for the proposed degree program. Recommender’s Name Date Recommender’s Signature Position or Title: University (Institution): Address: Tel: Fax: (zip-code:-) Please return this form sealed in an official envelope and signed across the back to the applicant. We greatly appreciate your timeliness regarding this letter for your recommendee.

The picture presented above is a movie poster promoting the box office hit The Mummy Essays

The picture presented above is a movie poster promoting the box office hit The Mummy Essays The picture presented above is a movie poster promoting the box office hit The Mummy Essay The picture presented above is a movie poster promoting the box office hit The Mummy Essay The colour scheme used in this poster is gold and black which is keeping it simple and basic which is unusual seen as it is promoting a big movie title. Another unusual point about the poster is the two colours. Gold and black are not usually seen together as gold is a bright and beautiful and reminds us of the rich, lavish treasures in which the pyramids held. Black reminds us of darkness, evil, danger and secrets, which the pyramids were also supposed to have held. The key images in the poster is the face and the pyramids, these are in correlation which each other because we get the image that the face has a tremendous amount of power and energy because the pyramids are huge magnificent objects that have change the scenery of Egypt and the face compared to the pyramids is gigantic and makes the pyramids look insignificant. Also the mouth is open wide in a sort of inviting way. The lettering used in the lower half of the poster is just as significant as the colouring. The font used in the lettering is made out to be a type of old English typewriter style and the gold colouring is also made out to be the wealth and richness of the pyramids. The letters M M M Y contain smaller distorted pyramids. The M in the centre at the bottom of the poster is a sort of opening for the face and that theres a lot of energy and power behind it. It also makes you curious to see what there is in the blackness of the poster because the only true fear that people have is the unknown. The sentence at the bottom gives the image that there is a tremendous amount of evil and power for something to do what it states. The sands will rise. The heavens will part. The power will be unleashed. Three short sentences make it stick in your head and the last word unleashed make it sound as if it is an uncontrollable force because unleashed is only used with in correspondence to something powerful.

Business Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Proposal - Essay Example The benefits involved with training employees are more than the costs incurred. A variety of training programs are available, including, employee diversity training, employee orientation, team building training, workplace safety and development training. Many organizations view the training process to be a waste of the resources and time of the company. The training is a long process that requires the dedication of the parties involved. Training of the employees of an organization should follow a proper laid out procedure. It should be the responsibility of the management to plan for this process. The first step in this process is setting clear goals of the program so that the management can assess the importance of the training process. Guiding principles that support the values of the company needs formulation. It will help in maintaining the focus of the training group. A strategic training plan should fundamentally highlight the impacts it has on the goals and missions of the organization. The management should support the training process (Adegoke, 2013). After the training, the staff should be involved in a new activity they learnt in the training. The assignment of the new duty will demonstrate that the management is interested in the training program. A measurement of performance of the training process is an important aspect. Professionally monitoring of training and the results evaluated for purposes of establishing, whether they achieved the targeted results, is a vital part of the process. A training budget should exist, according to the time schedule the process is expected to extend. Proper utilization of the resources of the business is necessary, and assessment of the utilization of the finances used in training is mandatory. The assigned period will depend on the technology used and the specific workplace. Time is an

ACH step 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ACH step 7 - Essay Example The two states have lived in a state of lack of independence living in a situation where there is neither war nor peace but only tension and mistrust2. Some of the attacks China organized against Taiwanese include the bombing of two islands in Taiwan in 1958, as well as the March 1966 incident where China tested missiles in Taiwan’s coast3. There are a number of solutions that have been thought will bring an end to this crisis and they include a diplomatic solution, direct attack as well as limited intervention. Hypotheses claim that diplomatic solutions will however influence the end of the conflict whereas using limited intervention may increase tension amongst the populace living in the two states4. In addition, using direct attacks may encourage other attacks from supporting nations. Considering these views concerning the possible solutions, an analysis is conducted to evaluate the outcome that will most probably occur to that with the least probability of occurrence. Coming to a diplomatic solution is the most likely outcome that will solve the PRC-Taiwanese conflict. Settling both sides and enabling them to see the necessity of bringing an end to the war is necessary. A diplomatic solution will help since it will not favour any side but be fair. Favouring one side usually culminates into increased tension in the opposing side in addition to increased attacks and reduced chances of peace and independence. The hypothesis that comes accompanied with this solution states that the diplomatic solution used will influence the end of the war. The hypothesis is true since the solution will direct how the two states will work into solving their disputes as well as how the will work once they are already stable. A solution that does not consider the future of these two states should not be selected over a solution that has considered the social, political and economic development plans for China and Taiwan. Diplomatic solutions show positive signs that it

Reality Is The Life Of The Media Media Essay

Reality Is The Life Of The Media Media Essay After watching the movie Truman Show, I think a lot about the reality about the media recently. In fact, I know exactly this movie was to express an ironic effect by black humor. However, the film hit let me on media authenticity has many thoughts. Now the media, false information too much, especially newspapers and television, make people interested in reducing, even trust also reduced. Network of false information is the same. In order to better attract the audience or reader, the authenticity of media is very important, just like The Truman Show. Key words: Truman Show; Reality; Media I.Truman Show Truman always feels he has been under surveillance.He didnt think it was true. Since he were born during the first thirty years, Truman Bobbin most for a long time, there is the history of the most popular documentary soap opera actor, he is an ideal living town sea town is actually a huge studio, and his relatives and friends and before him every day people are all actors in the hidden throughout the occupation photographic lens. This is the The Truman Show , the global hundreds of millions of viewers was watching his every act and every move, and he himself does not know. Then after thirty years of drift life, Truman finally felt that his life was something wrong, when he discovers he is like living in a glass jar butterfly, he decided to escape from the sea town, regardless of the cost. But he must face the The Truman Show founder, producer and director Christophe, and overcome his deepest fear, can break through the barriers to get freedom. Of course, after watching the film, I had a pity for Truman, his all life was false by director, and he knew nothing about this. However, it was popular in the film. The film comes from the real life; this success in audience ratings gives me an important enlightenment at the media. II the reasons for the Truman Show popular In the movie, the soap opera Trumans world is loved all over the world is because Truman to film it know nothing at all, natural deduction. The true man show, as another self. In the Truman body, the audience can see the shadow of themselves including their birth, their love, and the first kiss. Truman sadness and happiness seemed so real, real as occurring in the audience themselves, can cause the audience response and love. Trumans world in the film popular reason is true.Of course, the real is cruel, for it hurts the pure man. However, it caused my attention to the authenticity of media is very important. III.The reality is the life of the media First, we must understand, this is a lack of attractive age because too much information. TV programs from the peoples life, let people feel the resonance. Naturally, it is unable to attract the attention of the people. No matter how to perform, there has to be a real existence in order to better attract the audience. The newspaper is even more the case, these years, our newspaper, false news, advertising increases; make people getting away with it. In recent years, the network became popular, but the network is too much false information also hinders the further development of network. From the film, we can see, people for the authenticity of the call. Then, the media should do to improve their authenticity? In order to enhance the authenticity, made the audience, the film Truman Show gives us the following enlightenment: one is the reality of characters. In the movie Truman is a born alive in the boy, he really exist, this character not fiction, his life and our life is not much different, and thus more likely to attract the attention of the audience. Therefore, in the media of authenticity, either in TV or film to create a character, or the real figures, media workers must pay attention to ordinary people, ordinary people get inspiration from. The lives of ordinary people can move the audience or reader, because, like we see another me. In addition, emotional authenticity. Truman every emotion so real, his family, his love, his grief and joy are so natural. Now a lot of TV programs like sensational, like with exaggerated reality to let the audience tears. In fact, the true feelings can cause the hearts of the audience resonance. Not everyones life is very strange, more and more peoples life is very ordinary. However, they are eager to be of concern, as their true feelings in the media embodiment, wanted they dont care about the difficulty. Watching the real life by the director, we had to mention news. Now the news authenticity was questioned, much news can even be director. As everyone knows, authenticity is the most important news soul. In the news, in order to Truman true, but not like the Trumans life was director. There is advertising, the ads are everywhere, but also a very exaggerated. Of course, exaggeration is advertising a means of performance, but if you really want to impress the audience must also be true. Only to meet the demands of consumers, the consumers can be remembered and the purchase of. The film tells us, authenticity is the important way to attract. In recent years, the media authenticity call more and more, people for the authenticity of media attention began to strengthen. Now a lot of domestic television stations have started to do some civilian program, started to pay attention to ordinary peoples real life, and has made very good progress. However, these civilians programs in many fictional events or the audience. The film Truman Show told us, does not need the imaginary of ordinary people, real life and emotion is enough to attract people. IV.Conclusion Life is not a drama, Truman story can only appear in the movie, and we have great sympathy for him. However, in this film, the protagonist to Truman hit television series gave us deep enlightenment. In this view, we present the media to be learned from this movie important element of success real. Whenever we are, authenticity is the life of the media, especially the lack of attention; we have to know, the more real, the more popular. Without the reality, the media will lose the charm for us; Truman Show also tells us this simple truth. Notes: The film Truman Show 2 Daniel. Dai Yang, Elisha Kats, media event [M] Beijing: Beijing Broadcasting Institute press, 2003:3 3 McGuire, audience analysis [M] Beijing: Renmin University of China press, 2006:90 4 Chen Lidan. What is communication [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2007:178 Bibliography ¼Ã… ¡ [1]The film Truman Show [2] Liu Xuefeng. On news authenticity principle of multiple levels of understanding of [J]. Reading and writing, 2009, (02) [3]Bian Jian. From the The Truman Show to see media Pseudo Environment groups imbalance ( J ) Movie Review, 2008 ( 02). [4]Guo Yonghong true absurdity and refuses to escape on the film The Truman Show philosophical anatomy ( J ). Appreciation, 2009 ( 18) [5] Xing Runmei movie The Truman Show and mass media literary interpretation ( J ). Journal of Shanxi Normal University ( SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION ), 2008 ( S1 ).

Workplace Spirituality :: Religion, Work

Workplace spirituality is a sophisticated concept (Kinjerski & Skrypnek, 2004). Generally speaking, it involves the sense of well-being, the feeling of the whole self involved in the work, the feeling of connection to others and something larger than oneself, and a sense of transcendence (Ashmos & Duchon, 2000; Ingersoll, 2010; Kinjerski & Skrypnek, 2004; Kinjerski, V. M., & Skrypnek, 2008; Rego & Pina e Cunha, 2008; Sheep, 2004). Individuals view their work as sacred (Ingersoll, 2010), while workplace spirituality is not necessary related to religion (Ashmos & Duchon, 2000; Krishnakumar & Neck, 2002; Milliman et al., 2003; Rego & Pina e Cunha, 2008). It can be regard to personal value or philosophy. This concept can be referred to self-actualization proposed by Maslow’s (1954) hierarchy of needs. Besides pursuing satisfaction of the basic levels in the hierarchy, individuals have desire to satisfy the higher level of need. Although earning money is the basic goal, individuals eager to find out the meaning in work, to make contribution to the society, to reach their full potential, to become connecting with colleagues, to work in an organization which they identify its goal and value (Kinjerski & Skrypnek, 2004). Although a consistent definition in workplace spirituality has not been reached, mutuality in its definition delineated in literatures can be easily found. Sheep (2004) has been summed up into four themes. The first theme is self-workplace integration, that is the immersion of whole self into work. The second theme is meaning of work. People tend to find out meaning in their work. The meaning may be related to personal value, such as contributing to society and others, and go beyond monetary benefits. The third one is transcendence of self, connecting to something larger than self. This theme includes the connectedness to others, community, and the organization. The final theme is â€Å"personal growth and development of one’s inner life at work†. Organization can provide conditions for the growth and development of employees. Despite various perspectives about workplace spirituality, three dimensions were focused in the present study. The model proposed by Milliman et al. (2003) was adopted. In this model, workplace spirituality includes three levels, namely individual, community and organization. This model embraces two above mentioned theme such as meaning of work and transcendence of self. In the individual level of workplace spirituality, meaningfulness in work is involved in this level. People are motivated to actively search for and give meaning to their lives (Ashmos & Duchon, 2000; Frankl, 1992; Lips-Wiersma & Morris, 2009).

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista: Characteristics Mostly unicellular, eukaryotic cells Reproduce asexually or sexually by conjugation Exhibit all three modes of nutrition Photosynthesis Ingestion Absorption Ultimately spawned all multicellular kingdoms Very diverse kingdom Difficult for taxonomists to agree on classification Diverse Modes of Nutrition Use diverse modes of nutrition Ingest food Absorb nutrients from surroundings Photosynthesis Protists that ingest food are typically predators Use extensions of cell membrane called psuedopods to surround and engulf prey item Diverse Modes of NutritionProtists that absorb nutrients directly from the surrounding environment can be Free-living types in the soil that decompose organic dead matter Parasites that live inside the bodies of other organisms, sometimes harming the host Diverse Modes of Nutrition Some protists have photosynthetic organelles called chloroplasts Photosynthetic protists are abundant in oceans, lakes, and ponds Free floating Mutuall y beneficial associations with other organisms: solar energy captured by the protist is used by host, which shelters and protects the protist Diverse Modes of NutritionPhotosynthetic protists are collectively known as algae Single-celled, non-photosynthetic protists are collectively known as protozoa Diverse Modes of Reproduction Most protists reproduce asexually by mitotic cell division Some also reproduce sexually Two individuals contribute genetic material to an offspring that is genetically different from either parent Occurs during certain time of year or circumstances (e. g. a crowded environment or a food shortage) Protist Reproduction Asexual Sexual (a) (b) Effects on HumansPositive impact – ecological role of photosynthetic marine protists (algae) capture solar energy and make it available to the other organisms in the ecosystem release oxygen gas Negative impact – many human and plant diseases are caused by parasitic protists Major Groups of Protists Protist classification is in transition Genetic comparison reveals evolutionary history of organisms Genetic, instead of physical features now separate protist species into different lineages Some physically dissimilar species are now placed in a common lineage The Excovates Lack mitochondriaTwo major groups Diplomonads: have two nuclei and move about by means of multiple flagella Parabasalids: live inside animals Parabasalids Mutually beneficial relationships with other species Parabasalid inhabits gut of termite Termite delivers food to parabasalid, which digests and releases nutrients to termite Parabasalids Harms host species Trichomonas vaginalis causes the sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis Trichomonas inhabits urinary and reproductive tracts, using flagella to move through them Causes vaginal itching and discharge in females The EuglenozoansHave distinctive mitochondria Two major groups Euglenids Kinetoplastids Euglenids Single-celled, fresh-water protists Lack a rigid outer covering Best known example is Euglena Moves by whipping single flagellum Photosynthetic Some euglenids photosynthetic, others absorb/engulf food Euglenids Photoreceptor (eyespot) found in some euglenoids Provides for a way to sense location of light source Useful for photosynthetic euglenoids in maximizing photosynthesis Euglena : a Representative Euglenoid Flagellum Eye Spot Contractile Vacuole Stored Food Nucleus Nucleolus Chloroplasts KinetoplastidsAll species have one or more flagella Can be used for propulsion, sensing, or food gathering Many are free-living in soil and water Kinetoplastids Some species live in a symbiotic mutualistic association within another organism Some species digest cellulose in termite guts Trypanosomes live within tsetse flies and cause African sleeping sickness in fly-bitten mammals Trypanosomes infect the blood causing African sleeping sickness Trypanosomes in Blood The Stramenophiles Have fine, hair-like projections on flagella Mostly single-celle d but some multicellularSome are photosynthetic species Major stramenophile groups Water molds Diatoms Brown algae Water Molds Also known as oomycetes Long filaments aggregated into cottony tufts Many are soil and water-based decomposers Water Molds Profound economic impacts caused by water molds Late blight attacks potato plants (caused Irish potato famine in 1845) One species causes downy mildew (nearly destroyed French wine industry in 1870s) A Parasitic Water Mold Downy mildew on grapes Diatoms Found in both fresh and salt water Photosynthetic Produce shells of silica that fit togetherDiatomaceous earth is deposits of diatom shells (mined and used as an abrasive) Diatoms Part of floating phytoplankton community Important in absorbing CO 2 and producing O 2 Phytoplankton perform 70% of all photosynthesis Diatoms are important as food in marine food webs Herbivorous organisms â€Å"graze† on these â€Å"pastures of the sea† Brown Algae Form multicellular aggregates ( seaweeds) Superficially similar but not closely related to plants Contain brownish-yellow and green (chlorophyll) pigments producing brown/olive appearance Brown Algae Nearly all marineFound along rocky shores of temperature oceans Includes giant kelp Several species use gas-filled floats to support body Giant kelp forests provide food and shelter for sea animals Diverse Brown Algae Fucus sp. Giant Kelp The Alveolates Single-celled protists with small cavities beneath cell surface (alveoli) Comprise a distinct lineage Nutritional modes include photosynthetic, parasitic, and predatory The Alveolates Major alveolate groups Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates Dinoflagellates Mostly photosynthetic Two whip-like flagellaMost species live in salt water Some species bioluminescent Certain specialized dinoflagellates live within coral, clam, and other protistan hosts Cell wall resembles armored plates Dinoflagellates & Red Tide Red Tide Dinoflagellates Nutrient-rich water causes populati on explosion called â€Å"red tides† Substantial fish kills result from oxygen depletion and clogged gills Oysters, mussels, and clams benefit from large food supply but may accumulate nerve poison Lethal paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans may result from eating these shellfishApicomplexans Also known as sporozoans All members are parasitic Form infectious spores Spores transmitted between hosts by food, water, or insect bites Apicomplexans Complex life cycle (e. g. Plasmodium- malarial parasite) Parasite passed to human by Anopheles mosquito Plasmodium develops in liver, makes spores in red blood cells (causing fever upon release) New mosquitoes acquire parasite while feeding on blood Plasmodium quickly evolves resistance to drugs Ciliates Inhabits both fresh and salt waterHighly complex unicellular organization Specialized organelles Cilia that propel cells through water at 1 mm/s Ciliates Examples of ciliate complexity Paramecium (contractile vacuoles, nervous system) Didinium (predator of other microbes) Paramecium has vacuoles and cilia The Complexity of Ciliates Macronucleus Micronucleus Food Vacuole Oral Groove Contractile Vacuole Cilia Food Vacuole forming The Cercozoans Cercozoans have thin, threadlike psuedopods, which extend through hard shells in some species Cercozoans includeForaminifera Radiolarians The Cercozoans Foraminiferans produce elaborate calcium carbonate shells with holes Deposits of fossilized foraminiferans form chalk Radiolarians have silica shells Heliozoans The Amoebozoans Amoebozoans move by extending finger-shaped pseudopods, also used for feeding Inhabit aquatic and terrestrial environments Generally do not have shells The major groups of amoebozoans are Amoebas Slime molds The Amoebozoans Amoebas Found in freshwater lakes and ponds Predators that stalk and engulf preyOne species causes amoebic dysentery The Amoebas The Slime Molds Distinctly unique lineage among protists Physical form blurs distinction between a co lony versus an individual The Slime Molds Two-phase life cycle Mobile feeding stage Stationary, reproductive stage forming a fruiting body Two main types Acellular Cellular Acellular Slime Molds Also known as plasmodial slime molds Composed of a thinly spread cytoplasm with multiple diploid nuclei Plasmodial mass feeds on bacteria and organic matter by engulfing them Acellular Slime MoldsCan form bright yellow or orange masses Dry conditions or starvation stimulate fruiting body formation Haploid spores produced Spores disperse and germinate into a new plasmodium The Acellular Slime Mold Physarum (a) (b) Cellular Slime Molds Live in soil as independent haploid cells Pseudopodia surround and engulf food (like bacteria) Cellular Slime Molds Food scarcity creates a pseudoplasmodium Individual cells release chemical signal if food is scarce Dense, slug-like aggregation of cells forms Slug† crawls towards light, forms a fruiting body Haploid spores produced are dispersed to form ne w single-celled individuals The Life Cycle of a Cellular Slime Mold Single, amoeba-like cells emerge from spores, crawl, and feed. When food is scarce, cells aggregate into slug-like mass called pseudoplasmodium. Pseudoplasmodium migrates toward light, forms fruiting bodies; produces spores. fruiting bodies spores nucleus The Red Algae Multicellular, photosynthetic seaweeds Pigments combined with chlorophyll produce bright red to black appearances Found exclusively in marine environmentsThe Red Algae Very common in deep, clear tropical waters Red pigments absorb deeply penetrating blue-green light Can therefore live deeper than other seaweeds The Red Algae Diversity of forms and uses Some species deposit calcium carbonate Some species harvested for food Energy captured by red algae important in food chains Products extracted from red algae include: Carrageenan (stabilizing agent) Agar (substrate for bacteria in petri dishes) The Red Algae Multicellular, photosynthetic seaweeds, rang ing in color from bright red to nearly black Live in clear tropical oceansSome species deposit calcium carbonate, which contributes to the formation of reefs Red Algae The Green Algae All species photosynthetic Both multicellular and unicellular species Found in both freshwater and marine environments Some form long filamentous chains of cells (e. g. Spirogyra ) Spirogyra: A Green Algae The Green Algae Some form colonies of clustered cells (e. g. Volvox ) Mostly microscopic forms but Ulva (sea lettuce) is a multicellular leaf-sized green algal seaweed The Green Algae Green algae are closely related to plantsThe earliest plants may have been similar to today’s multicellular green algae Protists and Life Marine phytoplankton: 70% of all photosynthesis Diatoms – abrasive products and oil reserves Sarcodines and limestone deposits Protists and disease Water molds – downy mildew, late blight of potato Dinoflagellates and â€Å"red tide,† shellfish poisoning Zo oflagellates – African sleeping sickness, Giardia Sarcodines – amoebic dysentery Sporozoans – Plasmodium and malaria Giardia: the Curse of Campers

Galgacus On Roman Imperialism Essay - 1344 Words

Publius (Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus was a Roman historian and senator who wrote several historical documents, including some discussing ancient Britain. In approximately 98 CE, Tacitus wrote a particular document called, â€Å"Galgacus: On Roman Imperialism,† which focused on a speech supposedly delivered by Galgacus, a Briton military leader. If Tacitus in fact did write this speech celebrating the Britons and calling them to fight for freedom, why would he use Galgacus’s name? Firstly, Tacitus was a Roman senator who witnessed imperialism’s negative impact so he imagined this speech to criticize the Roman Empire’s barbarism without incriminating himself. Secondly, this speech celebrates the Britons while demonizing the Romans, which again,†¦show more content†¦Next, Galgacus claims that slavery is foreign, yet the Britons experience indirect slavery continuously because of their fear of conquest. Since Briton lies on the periphery of the Roman Em pire—the centre—it is protected better from the contagion of slavery, as Galgacus describes the Roman Empire, but it also helps foster nationhood, which the Empire is devoid of, according to Tacitus. Already, through his word choice, Tactitus highlights his disdain, while also providing readers with a believable history. Galgacus continues by calling the Romans the â€Å"robbers of the world,† who are â€Å"rapacious† and insatiable as â€Å"neither the east nor the west has been able to satisfy them.† These words clearly provide an unfavourable depiction of the Romans, and this is precisely the point. Tacitus did not want to romanticize the Empire, but instead he wanted to expose the rulers as barbarians. Galgacus concludes this section by proclaiming the Empire to be bogus, built upon corrupt morals, lavish lifestyles, and tyranny. The second section of the speech continues with Galgacus’ call to arms, and he declares, â€Å"Nature has willed that every man’s children and kindred should be his dearest objects.† By using this statement, Tacitus suggests that the Romans are â€Å"freaks of nature† opposed to the Britons who possess natural humanity. This is another example of Tacitus

Charles Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection - 1399 Words

Introduction Evolution is defined as a genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations (thoughtco). Charles Darwin’s theory clearly state that evolution occurs by natural selection. Darwin published a book in 1859 on the origin of species. In the book Darwin talks about the philosophy of natural selection. Natural selection is when a group of species show variation in their physical characters. This is because of the difference in their gene. Charles Darwin proposed that natural selection acts to preserve accumulate minor advantageous genetic mutations (Darwin’s-theory-of-evolution). Evolution can also happen when genes are being transferred from one population to another (palomar.edu/anthro/synthetic/synth),†¦show more content†¦The new colony that has formed is separated from the original population and the same alleles may not be present in the same frequencies as it was in the new colony. The difference between the founder effect and the bottle neck effect is that the both occur in different mechanisms as the founder effect is more of colonisation rather that a catastrophe. The figure below is a great example of how the founder effect occurs. In the figure a population is made up of equal numbers of circles and squares forming a large population, however some of the squares and circles (organisms) later split into different colonies. Second paragraph: Genetic diversity is really important as it helps keep the health and number of a population, by including alleles that can help in resisting diseases or any other defects. Keeping genetic diversity helps the population maintain its strength even if a change occurs, making it able to adapt to new changes easier and faster. In a situation where natural disasters occur, having genetic diversity would be great as it could mean the survival of the population (genetic-diversity-and-evolution). If there wasn’t genetic diversity amongst a population it would create a vulnerability within the species as it allows them to be susceptible to any change in the environment, making it is almost certain that they might leadShow MoreRelatedCharles Darwin And Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection1489 Words   |  6 Pagesbaffled to discover that this species has been completely altered. This outcome is a direct result of a ubiquitous phenomenon theorized by none other than Charles Darwin, a pr estigious naturalist and biologist. This venerable man was able to unveil many revelations regarding variability through the development of his theory of natural selection (Darwin and Huxley xii). Having an inherent adoration toward nature as a young child likely provided a significant incentive. Though Darwin’s thesis is not immaculateRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesWhen Charles Darwin first developed his theory of Natural selection, he discovered that â€Å"Individuals in populations vary their â€Å"heritable† traits† (Leicht and McAllister, 2006. p. 157). And that â€Å"if a particular inherited trait confers a higher likelihood of survival and reproduction, individuals with that trait will leave more offspring than other individuals in the population† (Leicht and McAllister, 2006. p.157). With this in mind, during project 3 we took pooled data of the entire class in orderRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection2372 Words   |  10 PagesCharles Darwin in his theory of natural selection said â€Å" the fittest of the fittest will survive,† and year after year China has proven they are the fittest by climbing the economic ladder, as Mark Schwartz Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs and Chairman of Golden Sachs Asia Pacific, claims in his speech â€Å"China’s Economic Success and Opportunities,† â€Å"China is coming out of a period of rapid growth almost ten percent over the last thirty (30) years. In 2013 China’s gross domestic product (GDP) was 9Read MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution And Natural Selection2114 Words   |  9 PagesCharles Darwin Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 12, 1809. He died on April 19, 1882 in Kent, England (Biography.com Editors). Charles Darwin brought many revolutionary visions to the world of science, including evolution. Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist. He is best known for his theory of evolution, and natural selection. Darwin learned most of his information on the Voyage of the Beagle, and from this trip he wrote a book, Of the Origin of SpeciesRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection1408 Words   |  6 Pagesoffspring benefit in result of the heritable genes and eventually through generations, the variants will be spread throughout the entire population (Montgomery, 2009). Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection can be supported through both fossils and homologous structures. A technique that supports Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection is fossils. A fossil is the remnant or imprint of a previous animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form (J, Castro, 2013). Fossils are used and areRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution And Natural Selection1535 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on a mechanism that he titled natural selection. Natural selection is, as defined by Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species, the method of being naturally selected for a better chance of survival in an environment. Evolution itself is the process by which organisms develop and adapt over generations. â€Å"†¦ it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any mannerRead MoreHow Did Thomas Malthus Inspire Charles Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection? Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesMalthus inspire Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection? Define natural selection. Thomas Malthus stated that the human population would eventually decrease significantly. His reasoning was that there would be a scarcity of food and other vital resources, leaving only the fittest of the species to survive. These â€Å"fittest† of the species would then pass on their traits to their offspring. Darwin used this is a firm foundation for his natural selection theory. Natural selection is the idea thatRead MoreEvolution Is The Biological Ideal For The History Of Life On Earth814 Words   |  4 Pagesof life on Earth. (Evolution fact and theory). It is the process by which an organism becomes more refined over time and in response to its environment. Evolution is about how we evolved; how Neanderthals and cave men evolved into Homo sapiens much like what we are today. It’s about how creatures evolved over time, dinosaurs becoming extinct through natural selection and how sharks have been alive for over 400 million years; it’s all about how natural s election chooses the best qualities and how theyRead MoreThe Theory Of Science And Technology1454 Words   |  6 Pageslive in today. Charles Robert Darwin was an English geologist and naturalist, best known for his significant addition to the science of evolution. He had a theory that all species have inherited traits over time from common ancestors, and in a partnership with Alfred Russel Wallace introduced his scientific theory that this pattern of evolution resulted from an action that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the natural selection involved in selectiveRead MoreThe Scientific Theory Of Science And Technology1449 Words   |  6 Pageslive in today. Charles Robert Darwin was an English geologist and naturalist, best known for his significant addition to the science of evolution. He had a theory that all species have inherited traits over time from common ancestors, and in a partnership with Alfred Russel Wallace int roduced his scientific theory that this pattern of evolution resulted from an action that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the natural selection involved in selective

The Case Of Brown V. Board Of Education Of Topeka

In 1954, The United States Supreme Court made a landmark decision with its ruling in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. The ruling was a monumental one for multiple reasons. Firstly, it was a major step in the Civil Rights Movement as it ended the legal use of â€Å"separate but equal† facilities, under the ruling that this violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. It gave African-Americans access to better schools, and also gave them a greater sense of dignity as they no longer could be legally forced to drink from different fountains or sit in separate sections. Another aspect of the decision that makes it so significant is the fact that it did the rare task of overturning a previous Supreme Court decision,†¦show more content†¦He believed that in order to understand law, one must first realize what law’s purpose is. He, like Thomas, argued that law’s purpose it to benefit society by creating a morally sound or der to human action and conduct. He detailed seven goods that he believed to be intrinsic and universal, and argued that laws should be enforced under the stipulation that they adhere to the enhancement of these goods, because they are what determines a fulfilling life. They are: life, knowledge, play, aesthetic experience, sociability, practical reasonableness, and religion. The goods that relate to the thesis of this paper the most are knowledge and sociability, as the result of the case has a direct benefit on them and is, therefore, moral and legitimate. Legal positivists, however, disagree that morality has any place in determining what legitimate law is. H. L. A. Hart based much of his theory on the previous legal positivist John Austin’s work. Austin believed that laws obtain their legitimacy from the recognition of a society’s members in the authority of their unruled ruler. This unruled entity that enforces laws with the backing of sanctions, is what Austin te rms the ‘sovereign.’ He believed that in order for a sovereign to exist it had to be habitually complied with by those it governs. What separates Austin’s theory from natural law theories is that he did not believe that laws had to be created or followed on the basis of morality. According to Austin’sShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Oliver Brown V. The Board Of Education Of Topeka1991 Words   |  8 PagesThe question that this historical investigation and sources will be seeking to answer is: To what extent did the case of Oliver Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas further the progress of the civil rights movement in search of African-American equality? The first source being evaluated is â€Å"The Brown Decision: Its Long Anticipation and Lasting Influence.† This academic journal article originates from the Journal of Southern History, and is written by Linda Reed, an associate professorRead MoreBrown vs Board of Education600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Brown vs Board of Education as a major turning point in African American. Brown vs Board of Education was arguably the most important cases that impacted the African Americans and the white society because it brought a whole new perspective on whether â€Å"separate but equal† was really equal. The Brown vs Board of Education was made up of five different cases regarding school segregation. â€Å"While the facts of each case are different, the main issue in each was the constitutionality of state-sponsoredRead MoreOutline Of A Speech On History And Education846 Words   |  4 PagesSegregation in Education General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about one of the most notorious eras in politics and education. Thesis: â€Å"Brown V. The Board of Education of Topeka† and its reversal of the decision of â€Å"Plessy V. Ferguson† and the â€Å"Separate but Equal clause† is one of the most monumental, and impactful decision ever made. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: B. Thurgood Marshall was responsible for rearguing the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case andRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education830 Words   |  4 PagesBrown v. Board of Education The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case is a well-known case that went to the Incomparable Court for racial reasons with the leading body of training. The case was really the name given to five separate cases that were heard by the U.S. Preeminent Court concerning the issue of isolation in state funded schools. These cases were Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot, Davis v. Board of Education of Prince Edward County (VA.), Boiling v. Sharpe,Read MoreBrown V. The Board Of Education1136 Words   |  5 PagesBrown v. The Board of Education Topeka, Kansas, 1950, a young African-American girl named Linda Brown had to walk a mile to get to her school, crossing a railroad switchyard. She lived seven blocks from an all white school. Linda’s father, Oliver, tried to enroll her into the all white school. The school denied her because of the color of her skin. Segregation was widespread throughout our nation. Blacks believed that the â€Å"separate but equal† saying was false. They felt that whites had more educationalRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education Of Topeka1634 Words   |  7 PagesBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Cou rt s unanimous (9–0) decision stated that separate educational facilitiesRead MoreBrown vs. Board of Education: Case Study1745 Words   |  7 PagesBefore Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was taken to the Supreme Court, the ruling in earlier Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson stood. Plessy v. Ferguson established the separate but equal doctrine, which pervaded nearly every aspect of American life. One of the realms that Plessy v Ferguson expressly applied to was the area of public schools. Public schools in America could be racially segregated, based on the assumption that African-American schools were equal to their white counterpartsRead MoreThe Court Case that Changed the World: Brown v. Board of Education1078 Words   |  5 PagesBrown v. Board of Education is a story of triumph over a society where separating races simply based on appearances was the law. It is a story of two little girls who has to walk through a railroad switchyard in Topeka, Kansas in 1950 just to attend school. With lunch bags and backpacks in hand, they make their way to the black bus stop which is a distance of the tracks. They have to walk this distance, pass the buses filled with white children because they are unable to attend the nearby whiteRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education 347 Us 4831438 Words   |  6 PagesBrown v. Board of Education 347 US 483 (1954) Jim Crow Laws As society changes, laws change as well to keep up with changes in some cases, the law are for the better of the majority, however, there have been several laws that have been enacted to impose inequality. On May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court handed down its ruling in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Education of Topeka that Racial education of Topeka that racial segregation in public schoolsRead MorePlessy vs Ferguson678 Words   |  3 PagesPlessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. the Topeka Board of Education In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court decided that having †separate but equal† accommodations for Whites and Colored did not violate the 14th Amendment (Wolff, 1997). This allowed states to continue segregation as they saw fit. The Plessy v. Ferguson case was centered on the segregation of railroad cars but the final ruling supported that all â€Å"separate but equal† accommodations were allowed by the constitution and was

Organizational Behavior for Business Perspectives and Research

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior for Business Perspectives and Research. Answer: Introduction Organizational behavior gives emphasis on the behavior of the people when they interact with the groups. The organization gives focus on this, so that the goals and objectives can be easily attained. Organizational behavior is an effective approach which is implemented on the workers who are working in the organization. In this report the main concentration is given on the employees attitude and management. The discussion is also made on job satisfaction and organizational commitment by the employees. Impact of attitude which is based on work by considering the behavior Attitude gives emphasis on the behavior pattern of the workers or employees. If it is said that the attitude of a person is based on the behavior then it is considered as a wrong statement. Attitude is taken into consideration as a belief and feelings of a person towards the situation. The person faces many problems in various situations. If we take into consideration the example that the person wants to implement decentralization in the organization but for this the permission is required from the top level management. It is analyzed that the behavior can be changed with the change in situation (Shooshtarian, Ameli and Aminilari, 2013). Attitude is increased by the behavior of the person. If the workers behave in positive way, then they will attain the outcome in a positive manner. Positive behavior attracts more good things towards the person. Attitude is also helpful to convince other person. If you are indulge in selling a product, and then if you have a good attitude then you can induce the person to buy a product. Attitude also helps to decide the things in effective manner. If a person carries a positive behavior then it can be easy for him or her to decide about things in correct way (Farooq, Payaud, Merunka and Valette-Florence, 2014). There are many situations in which the motivation level of other person is enhanced in proper manner, by seeing the work of the person. The work can also be completed easily, if the person carries a positive attitude. Mostly it is analyzed in the organization that people have the feeling of competition between them, so they try to demotivate other people who are in the organiz ation. There are many situations in which the people who have negative behavior change themselves and carry a positive attitude. If one employee behaves in negative manner and from inside he has a positive attitude towards other people, then it can be seen that the attitude do not impact on the behavior of the person (Zohar, 2014). Need of Attitude for an individual Attitude is considered as an essential part which is required to attain the success for an individual. The attitudes are named as a negative attitude and positive attitude. The positive attitude gives enhances the level of motivation and helps the employees or the workers to give their best towards the work. By this the company can easily attain the goals and objectives of the organization (Jehanzeb, Rasheed, and Rasheed, 2013). Negative attitude spoils the surroundings and create conflicts between the individuals. It is very important for a person to carry a positive attitude, so that the goals and objectives of the organization can be attained properly. If a person carries a positive attitude at the workplace, then it is motivating other people and also it helps to attain the objective in effective manner (Togna, 2014). Employees who have appositive attitude are considered the most and good individuals of the organization. If the person behaves in a positive way then the direct imp act will be seen on the working pattern. The working pattern is enhanced efficiently. If the managers have a positive attitude, then the employees will be happy and also give their best towards the work. The problems of the employees or the workers can be solved efficiently. Attitude is changed from person to person and also by position to position. It is very essential for every person to carry a positive attitude with themselves. It will help to attain the success in easy manner. If a person is on the higher position then it is important to have a positive attitude, then only he or she will motivate their subordinates. If the manager has a positive attitude then it can lead to success of the organization and also help to enhance the level of motivation of the employees working in the organization. For the growth of the company, it is required to carry a positive attitude (Bhalerao and Kumar, 2016). Job satisfaction or Organizational Commitment If the candidate is satisfied with the job, then the outcome will be in a positive way. Positive attitude help the organization and the employees to attain the goals and objectives of the company. If the workers are dedicated towards their work, then it can be easily analyzed that they are satisfied with the job. Job satisfaction refers to the level of satisfaction which employees have for their work. It is very essential that the candidate should be motivated towards the working pattern. If the worker working in the organization are not satisfies then it is very difficult for the organization to attain the goals and objectives in proper way. Dissatisfaction is occurred from the negative attitude. If person possess negative, then it can be seen that they are not satisfied with the working pattern (Eren and Hisar, 2016). Organizational commitment gives emphasis to involve the workers in the organization. If the employee is satisfied with the company, then he or she will be dedicated and work efficiently to complete their goals and objectives. The organizational commitment is enhanced if person is satisfied with the working pattern of the company. The characteristics that describe the organizational commitment are: Affective, Continuance and normative commitment (Mowday, Porter and Steers, 2013). Affective commitment is concerned with the psychological concept of the person. Another is Continuance commitment in which the connection is with the cost that is taken into consideration at the time of leaving the company. The last is concerned with normative commitment in which the obligation gives direct impact on the nature and on the company. Job satisfaction is concerned with as an important skill that discloses all the skills that an individual possess. If the employee is not satisfied with the job, th en an individual will not be committed towards the company. So motivation is also an important aspect to enhance the organizational commitment and level of satisfaction of the employees (Canrinus, Helms-Lorenz, Beijaard, Buitink, and Hofman, 2012). Duty of the manager to enhance the commitment level It is analyzed that the obligation and the satisfaction of the company is connected with each other. It is seen that now a days the technology is so updated, that half of the workload is minimized. The technology is also important but human resources play a great role in conducting the day to day activities. Technology helps to save time but the work done by the individual is not replaced. If the company motivate the employees to work in proper way, then it can be easy to attain the goals and objectives of the organization in effective manner. The manager should use motivational theory so that the work can be done in easy way (Lamba and Choudhary, 2013). If the manager takes into consideration the theories, then the productivity of the employee can be enhanced. If the employees have the confidence of conducting the activities in proper way, then it can be easy to accomplish the goals and objectives of the organization. The managers should offer the incentives to the employees so that the work can be conducted effectively. The morale of employee is boosted when the goals and objectives of the organization are attained. It helps the managers to accomplish their targets properly (Brunetto, Teo, Shacklock and Farr?Wharton, 2012). The manager should see that the employees who are working in the organization feel comfortable and happy. If they are happy with their job, then the level of motivation can be enhanced. The manager should give focus on enhancing the responsibility and work satisfaction. The managers should provide happy environment for the workers or the employees, so that the activities that are conducted should be done with efficiency. The directors or managers should help the employees and listen to their problems, so that employee can feel motivated and happy with their work (Dhar, 2015).It is analyzed that if the higher authority give motivation to the employees working in the organization, then it help the employees or the workers to attain the monthly target in proper manner. Motivation is considered as an essential and very important part of the organization. If the employees are not motivated then it is very difficult for the organization to attain the goals and objectives. Motivation enhanc es the profitability and knowledge of the employees who are working in the organization. By taking into consideration the level of motivation the level of commitment between the employees can be enhanced efficiently and in proper way. References Bhalerao, H. and Kumar, S., 2016. Role of emotional intelligence in leaders on the commitment level of employees: A study in information technology and manufacturing sector in India.Business Perspectives and Research,4(1), pp.41-53. Brunetto, Y., Teo, S.T., Shacklock, K. and Farr?Wharton, R., 2012, Emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, well?being and engagement: explaining organisational commitment and turnover intentions in policing Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 22, no.4, pp.428-441. Canrinus, E.T., Helms-Lorenz, M., Beijaard, D., Buitink, J. and Hofman, A., 2012, Self-efficacy, job satisfaction, motivation and commitment: Exploring the relationships between indicators of teachers professional identity, European journal of psychology of education, vol.27, no. 1, pp.115-132. Dhar, R.L., 2015. Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment.Tourism Management,46, pp.419-430. Eren, H. and Hisar, F., 2016. Quality of work life perceived by nurses and their organizational commitment level.Journal of Human Sciences,13(1), pp.1123-1132. Farooq, O., Payaud, M., Merunka, D. and Valette-Florence, P., 2014. The impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational commitment: Exploring multiple mediation mechanisms.Journal of Business Ethics,125(4), pp.563-580. Jehanzeb, K., Rasheed, A. and Rasheed, M.F., 2013. Organizational commitment and turnover intentions: Impact of employees training in private sector of Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Business and Management,8(8), p.79. Lamba, S. and Choudhary, N., 2013. Impact of HRM practices on organizational commitment of employees.International Journal of Advancements in Research Technology,2(4), pp.407-423. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Shooshtarian, Z., Ameli, F. and Aminilari, M., 2013. The effect of labor's emotional intelligence on their job satisfaction, job performance and commitment.Iranian Journal of Management Studies,6(1), p.29. Togna, G., 2014. Does internal communication to generate trust always increase commitment? A study at Micron Technology.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,19(1), pp.64-81. Zohar, D., 2014. Safety climate: Conceptualization, measurement, and improvement.The Oxford handbook of organizational climate and culture, pp.317-334.

Political Science Research Paper on Canadian Multiculturalism Essay Example

Political Science Research Paper on Canadian Multiculturalism Essay Before starting the discussion on the complexity of correlation between Canadian multiculturalism and idea of the strong Canadian identity, it must be noted that such argument cannot be assessed in the absence of a clear understanding of political processes related to the strategy of nation-building. This qualification is particularly salient in the Canadian case, where the precarious nature of pan-Canadian identity has traditionally been in itself somewhat of a ‘national symbol’ due to the persistent existential question in Quebec. (Taylor, 1994) Indeed, as will be shown below, policymakers at the federal level charged with defining the bases of belonging in Canada have not only faced the challenges associated with the incorporation of diverse cultural identities but have been confronted with a national minority with established political institutions within a well-circumscribed territory. After careful research on the subject outlined, it is apparent that Canadian multiculturalism has been and continues to be a product of nation-building efforts and not a genuine commitment to the main tenets of strong Canadian identity. In other words, it is an element of a political strategy by the central state to forge a strong commitment, by its citizens, to Canada as a single and unified political community. Canadian multiculturalism should not be viewed as an example of the emerging ideology of multiculturalism and its implications for the redefinition of the legitimacy of nation-states in the case of polyethnic societies. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Science Research Paper on Canadian Multiculturalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Political Science Research Paper on Canadian Multiculturalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Political Science Research Paper on Canadian Multiculturalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"The main tenets of Canadian citizenship status are not that far off from those of the United States.† (Carens, 2000) Indeed, the place of culture in Canadian conceptions of citizenship is liberal – it is about building a nation based on universal principles. A model of cultural pluralism along the lines of Quebec interculturalism makes a more serious effort to balance the prerogatives of unity with the preservation and flourishing of minority cultures. The enduring problem confronting the Quebec model, one that would have to be taken into account in any future attempts at empirical verification, is the idea of competing interpretations of citizenship by those targeted for integration in the first place. (Carens, 2000) As Joppke makes clear, each society’s actual response to immigration and polyethnicity does not merely stem from an abstract model that is subsequently applied to the real world: â€Å"The concrete meaning of multiculturalism and its linkage to immigration differs significantly across these societies. These differences are conditioned by distinct traditions of nationhood, the specific historical contexts in which immigration has taken place, and the existing immigration regimes.† (Joppke, 1996) As such, the case of Quebec, although formally a province of Canada, nevertheless merits independent consideration as the Quebec state has negotiated broad authority over immigration. Moreover, Quebec constitutes a distinct political community with a well-defined collective cultural project that includes the integration of immigrants into that plan. Canada’s other provinces, by contrast, have been content to leave this policy area in the hands of the federal government. In short, Quebec should be viewed as a host society in its right, with its own historical and cultural development, its sense of nationhood, and a distinct discourse with regards to the general orientations and choices of society. There are indeed political imperatives at work in such policy outcomes. An assessment of Canadian multiculturalism cannot forgo the fact that in the final analysis, it is a policy and not an ‘ontological’ principle devoid of contingencies. (Taylor, 1994) The idea of multiculturalism must not be confused with the Canadian policy, as this is prone to stifling debate concerning the value of the policy in framing citizenship status. Returning to the normative backdrop for evaluating integration as developed above, it is clear that the Canadian strategy was related to both the goal of unity and the fostering of citizen dignity through the recognition of particular cultural affiliations. First, it seeks to achieve unity through a pan-Canadian nation-building project that emphasizes the primacy of individual rights in a constitutional Charter of Rights and a choice of language use, between French or English, across the country. Superimposed on individual rights is the official recognition of all constituent cultures, equally. Such attention, however, is largely a symbolic concession – the fabrication of an identity marker based on the voluntary adherence to particular cultural allegiances. In Weinfeld’s words: â€Å"In the absence of any consensus on the substance of Canadian identity or culture, multiculturalism fills a void, defining Canadian culture regarding the legitimate ancestral cultures which are the legacy of every Canadian: defining the whole through the sum of its parts.† (Weinfeld, 1981) By forging a collective identity throughout the country based on the ‘sum of its parts,’ it was hoped that the identity marker for unity could be universal – the equal recognition of all cultures, within a regime governed by individual rights and bilingualism. In this way, adherence to particular cultural attachments could be voluntary for all individuals, while at the same time claiming to ‘empower’ citizens of minority cultures through reductionist means – Canada’s symbolic order was to be based on the negation of any particular cultural definition. Webber argues that the Canadian response, by conceptualizing citizenship in such terms, has in effect altered social relations to the point of damaging the exercise of democracy. The Canadian political community in this sense is predicated on the judicialization of social interactions, to the detriment of the deliberative aspects of representative democracy. The idea of public space for citizen participation, reflection, and deliberation within the political community is reduced to a small forum of rights-bearers. Deliberative assemblies give way to the ‘legalization’ of social relations, preventing parliaments from being responsible for organizing social life and, ultimately, preventing citizens from identifying with others in the political community. (Webber, 1994) According to Kymlicka, the outcome of Canadian multiculturalism as a symbol for identification is analogous to the United States in its failure to differentiate between national minorities and polyethnic communities. The fundamental difference between the two is that the former strive for self-determination while the latter seek inclusion. Canada’s policy fails to address this distinction – multiculturalism becomes a mechanism to quell legitimate national aspirations – thus it fundamentally shares with the US model a certain homogenization, or universalization, of identity, albeit through cultural relativism. (Kymlicka, 1995) Kymlicka argues that the American reluctance to recognize minority nations is a direct result of its assimilationist model, a fear that such recognition will trickle down to polyethnic communities and thus undermine the bases for unity. (Kymlicka, 1995) Canada’s policy stems from similar fears. However, Canada’s response was to elevate the status of cultural groups to the same level as that of national minorities. Both are universal, both are bound by nation-building projects which stress unity, and both fail in any significant way to recognize territorially defined group-differentiated rights as a federal principle. (Kymlicka, 1995) As such, the Canadian response was not predicated on a genuine commitment to the ideology of multiculturalism as a pillar upon which to frame citizenship status. The goal was unity in the face of a national minority challenge. Quebec’s national identity was placed, constitutionally, alongside every other minority culture as a basis for identification. In Taylor’s terms, multiculturalism as such fails to appreciate the ‘deep diversity’ in Canada, in which difference can be recognized on tiered levels given particular groupings’ political aspirations and historical/territorial/linguistic realities. (Taylor, 1994) In adopting a strategy for unity similar to the American approach – uniformity from coast to coast based on universal principles – the Canadian policy in effect failed to recognize that national minorities, as opposed to polyethnic communities, seek to provide a ‘centre’ for identification, their pole of allegiance necessary for unity and common purpose. In other words, national identity in Quebec assumes a self-determining project for society. The community of reference for all citizens under the banner of multiculturalism, however, is Canada. Webber summarizes: â€Å"This ideology defines itself about the territorial state: it circumscribes a community of belonging to the state within a country – Canada.† (Webber, 1994) The Canadian constitution protects individuals from collective intrusions. It can be argued that the failure to achieve unity and common purpose is not inherent in the model of multiculturalism adopted. Rather, disunity is a product of federal dynamics – Canada is not a nation-state that can claim the status of a single and unified host society. As such, one can assess the policy independently of the Quebec question, which to a large extent may explain the motivation for the policy but not its actual effects as a model for integration. If we disregard the variable of multinationality in Canada, has multiculturalism been successful in integrating immigrants and ethnic groups? Indeed, if we begin with the assumption that Canada constitutes a single political community or host society, we can then proceed to evaluate the success of multiculturalism without considering disunity concerning the fragmentation of ‘national allegiance.’ (Carens, 2000) Unity can thus be conceptualized as the extent to which minority groups feel as though they belong to a single community called Canada, and participate in the general affairs of the larger society. As a response to critics who view multiculturalism as a divisive force in Canada, Will Kymlicka provides some empirical data that demonstrate the success of multiculturalism regarding the integration of minority cultures. (Kymlicka, 1995) Indeed, the line of criticism discussed does not challenge the integrative success of the policy. The claim is that due to the imperatives of nation-building, for unity in the face of the Quebec question, Canada chose to adopt a ‘lowest common denominator’ formula that rejected the recognition of culture as an aspect of belonging altogether. (Kymlicka, 1995) Trudeau’s ‘just society’ is predicated on the notion that an emotive attachment to a polity is destructive and backward, and that progress requires an emphasis on reason, which is universal, to serve as a guiding principle in any citizenship regime. If we look closely at Kymlicka’s indicators for integration, however, it may be argued that although integration has been rather successful, it came at the expense of the recognition and preservation of minority cultures – which in the final analysis is the defining feature of ideological multiculturalism. The Canadian model operates along the primacy of individual rights in a constitutional Charter of Rights, with an interpretive clause for the recognition of diverse cultural affiliations. The interpretive clause is the only element of differentiation from American assimilation. There is no democratic imperative for the identification of diverse minority cultures besides a legal/procedural provision that may be invoked if the minority group in question chooses to do so. This is a key conceptual distinction between the Canadian and Quebec models, and it stems from the nature of the expectations of democracy itself. Public space is based on individual participation via a bill of rights. The success of minority groups within indicators such as ‘naturalization rates’, ‘political participation’ (including the institutional avenues of participation), ‘official language competence’, ‘intermarriage rates’ and lack of territorial enclaves of cultural groups are addressed to those critics who view multiculturalism as divisive to the forging of a strong Canadian identity. (Carens, 2000) They do not speak to the explicit concern for the preservation and flourishing of minority cultures within the political community – the capacity of such groups to participate and affect the public affairs of the country without shedding their particular group identities. The debate itself thus takes place outside the imperatives of ideological multiculturalism. In other words, these criteria may very well be addressing a regime committed to assimilation. The fact that Canadian identity – the way citizens relate to each other and the state in determining societal preferences – is predicated on such terms implies that there is no public culture on which minority cultures can make their mark. Again, multiculturalism in Canada does not reflect the recognition of diverse cultures; instead, to be blunt, it refers to the denial of religion altogether in defining the limits and confines of public space.